Cloning - It’s Time for Organ Farms Essay - 1441 Words

It’s Time for Organ Farms Currently 70,000 Americans are on the organ waiting list and fewer than 20,000 of these people can hope to have their lives saved by human organ transplantation.1 As a result of this shortage, there has been a tremendous demand for research in alternative methods of organ transplantation. Private companies are racing to develop these technologies with an estimated market of six billion dollars.2 Xenotransplantation, or cross-species organ transplantation, appears to be the most likely solution in the near future, and cloned pigs are the main candidates. Pigs and humans have remarkable similarities in physiology, which along with cloning makes pigs strong possibilities for organ donors. A†¦show more content†¦The insertion of this gene, however, would further reduce the bodys ability to fight viral infection after transplant surgery. Nobody knows for certain what some of the long-term consequences of inserting a porcine organ into our bodies would be. One problem could be the existence of unknown viruses in pigs DNA. Daniel Salmon at the Scripps Research Institute found that human cells could be infected with viruses called porcine endogenous retroviruses, which exist dormantly (inactively) in all pigs. Salmon found that mice transplanted with pig Islet of Langerhans cells became infected with the virus, although it only replicated a few times before it became dormant in them as well.5 Another concern is the possibility of pig viruses merging with human ones to create hybrids.4 These viruses and others like them could have serious consequences in transplant patients and their progeny. The most controversial alternative to xenotransplantation is surprisingly close to reality. It involves growing headless humans for their organs. Researchers at the University of Texas recently found a way to delete the gene in experimental mice that tells the embryo to produce a head. Although they died instantly, four mice were actually born without heads. Why should humans be any different? Lee Silver, a biologist at Princeton, has claimed, ItShow MoreRelated Reproducibility Of Man Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ethics of cloning. In the short shadow of the replication of Dolly the sheep, and five little piglets from Virginia comes the discussion on if this practice should really be allowed, and if so, what limits do you set? How can you look in the eyes of people who have had there family members pass away because the cloning of pigs for their organs have been outlawed. But what do you say when it comes to the question of just raising humans, lets say in a â€Å"human farm†, for exact organ and tissue matchesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cloning724 Words   |  3 Pagesan exact replica of person by cloning. But some people say it’s not humane and it would be weird if there is 2 of the exact same person in the world. People are also concerned because nobody knows how these clones will act. We don’t know if the host will be harmed and we also don’t know if the clones will become evil and destroy the world. I believe that we shouldn’t clone humans simply because we don’t have enough information on cloning. In the process of cloning humans we would have to manipulateRead MoreHuman Cloning: the Negative Effects on Society1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Cloning: The Negative Effects on Society Human cloning is possible but also dangerous to society. One day during an assembly in March 1977, a heated debate began over the topic of human cloning. Both sides were getting very involved in the argument. Suddenly a group of protestors stormed the stage. They were protesting human cloning while chanting, We shall not be cloned! During the protest the group held up a sign that said: We will create the perfect race Ââ€" Adolf Hitler (Lester andRead MoreEssay on Genetic Engineering Is Not Safe990 Words   |  4 Pagesnot letting them be, it can be helpful and or cause many dangerous risks to nature. By not letting the plants create their own pesticides naturally it can be helpful now but dangerous and regretful later on. Also, with the pesticide everywhere in a farm, it will lead to a tolerance to the pesticide on the part of the bugs and they will sooner or later be immune to it. For many people including myself who are against genetic engineering, there are some acceptable excuses to use them. In the medicalRead MoreThe Belgian Blue Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has been established through selective breeding. It’s mainly bred for the purpose of its beef production and due to it’s lean meat, it’s become popular in some parts of Europe. Hyperplasia, also known as double muscling’ occurs in belgian blue cows resulting in its heavily muscled build. Is a term for an â€Å"abnormal increase in volume of a tissue or organ caused by the formation and growth of new normal cells† (hyperplasia, 2016); so it’s the increase of the amount of muscle fibres, rather thanRead MoreCloning Right or Wrong? Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Right or Wrong? Have you ever heard of cloning before? Well it has a lot of ups and its downs, many people are against it and many are for it? In my paper you will hear and of the good things and the bad things that happen in cloning and you can decide if you think it is right or wrong. History When I looked up the definition for cloning on www.m-w .com it stated that cloning is to propagate a clone from or to make a copy of. A book on cloning that I read stated that cloning is geneticallyRead MoreEssay on Cloning1636 Words   |  7 Pageswhen James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA (D’Souza NA). Ever since there has been talk of human and animal cloning. It all seemed out of reach and basically impossible, but in 1997 that all changed when a sheep, named Dolly, was the first ever mammal to be cloned. She was cloned for the purpose of curing disease and research on animal organs for human transplantation (Schaeffer 3). Now that scientists know that it is possible to clone literally anything with DNA, the worldRead MoreEssay Cloning Madness2399 Words   |  10 PagesCloning Madness Cloning, a topic that has recently caused mayhem all over the world, is possible, but will it be here to stay? The astonishing news that scientists had cloned a sheep a couple of years ago sent people into panic at the thought that humans might be next. Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology, so its not unreasonable to be concerned that it might threaten human society and dignity (Macklin 64). Since most of the opposition is coming from theRead MoreHuman Values And The And Science Impact On Our Health, Lives, Society And Environment2049 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"uncertain† consequences like Cloning. It’s necessary that people should know the pros and cons of such scientific procedures before they support its continued use. (9) Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of biological matter. Cloning can occur at the level of DNA, single cell, or whole organism. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. (7) The first type of cloning is gene cloning which focuses on makingRead MoreThe concept of cloning has been around since the 1800’s, although, in the field of scientists, it2000 Words   |  8 PagesThe concept of cloning has been around since the 1800’s, although, in the field of scientists, it has slowly been evolving into a vigorously debated topic, throughout the last 3 decades. Cloning is essentially defined as the process of artificially reproducing genetically identical organisms. Scientists all around the world, through research, are still learning more about the topic, but the fascinating process officially gained awareness as a result of a 1986 experiment conducted by Ian Wilmut, scientist

Correctional Boot Camps - Shock Incarceration - 2187 Words

Correctional Boot Camps - Shock Incarceration Abstract While most criminal end up in general population, there are many other ways to do time. Boot camp is an option for petty offenders. Successfully completing the program, criminal offenders can bypass prison all together. Though it may be a safer choice, it is not as easy as it sounds. This paper evaluates the history of correctional boot camps, the eligibility of whom is accepted into the program, the graduation statics, and crime recidivism after completion of the program. Introduction Hut, two three four, hut two three four, left, left, left right, left, a small part of the daily regimen at the Herman L. Toulson Correctional Boot Camp (formally) located in Jessup, Maryland. The day begins bright and early at 0500 hours for the platoon to quickly make up their assigned bed, tidy up their personal area, brush their teeth, shave, and other personal hygiene, get to the line in front of their bunk in the dorm, standing at attention, with feet planted at a forty five degree angle, and hands aligned at the seams of their slacks, waiting for on further instructions from the Major or Drill Sergeant; Marshal Matthews explained to me in an interview I conducted about his time at a correctional boot camp. He stated if one person was out of line, moving, slacking around, speaking out of turn or doing anything other than standing at attention, the Drill Sergeant went over to him, and yelled â€Å"WHY ARE YOU OUT OF LINE?† Then theShow MoreRelatedThe Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Total Effects of Boot Camps That House Juveniles: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adult’s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effectRead MoreEssay on Boot Camp1400 Words   |  6 PagesBoot Camp With the ever rising prison population in this country, something has to be done rehabilitate criminals rather than just lock them up. Many feel that the â€Å"new† prisons, boot camps are the answer (Champion 1990). I will give a brief overview of boot camp institutions, specifically, about the operation and structure of these, the cost involved with both juvenile and adult facilities, and how effective they really are with regard to recidivism. Boot camps or shock incarceration programsRead MoreThe History of Boot Camps2332 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION In the military, boot camp represents an abrupt, often shocking transition to a new way of life. Discipline is strict and there is an emphasis on hard work, physical training, and unquestioning obedience to authority. The new private is told when to sleep, when to get up and when to eat. He marches with his platoon everywhere he goes such as to meals and to training. Orders must be obeyed instantly and personal liberty is almost nonexistent. By the end of boot camp the new private has becomeRead MorePros And Cons Of Juvenile Boot Camp789 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile boot camps (shock or intensive incarceration programs) are a short - term residential programs that resembles military basic training and target adjudicated juvenile offenders. The reasoning behind having juvenile boot camps is to shorten the time that the offenders are given for their sentence. Boot camp is meant for trouble teens who have a minor jail or prison sentence. If they fail to complete the whole sixteen month program they will be sent to jail or either state prison to completeRead More Juvenile Bootcamps Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pages Boot camp is an alternative to incarceration. In this paper I will prove that Boot Camps for youthful offenders are effective. Boot camps started in the year 1888 by Warden Zebulon Brockway at the Elmira Reformatory located in Elmira, New York. The warden did this because he wanted to invoke a new way of disciplining and keeping the inmates active. The reasoning that this style of imprisonment worked was because there were virtually no prison guards which saved thousands of dollars. AnotherRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Juvenile Criminal Justice System1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmany different rehabilitation programs became popular. Boot camps are one of the most popular forms of crime prevention and rehabilitation for juvenile delinquency. Many people believe that these boot camps are a beneficial alternative, citing that they effectively reduce costs and recidivism rates. Whether or not these camps are effective is a highly debated issue and has been for several decades. After r esearching many different boot camps throughout the United States, the statistics are clearRead More Alternatives to Incarceration Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesAlternatives to Incarceration Ever since the first prison opened in the United States in 1790, incarceration has been the center of the nations criminal justice system. Over this 200 year period many creative alternatives to incarceration have been tried, and many at a much lower cost than imprisonment. It wasn’t until the late 1980’s when our criminal justice systems across the country began experiencing a problem with overcrowding of facilities. This problem forced lawmakers to developRead MoreAlternative to Incarceration Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 5, 2001 Alternatives to incarceration Ever since the first prison opened in the United States in 1790, incarceration has been the center of the nations criminal justice system. Over this 200 year period many creative alternatives to incarceration have been tried, and many at a much lower cost than imprisonment. It wasnt until the late 1980s when our criminal justice systems across the country began experiencing a problem with overcrowding of facilities. This problem forced lawmakersRead MoreJuvenile Boot Camps : A Shock Incarceration Technique1894 Words   |  8 PagesJuvenile boot camps are what are known as a shock incarceration technique. The purpose of shock incarceration is to scare the convicted into changing their ways. Unlike most other shock incarceration techniques, the boot camp method is designed as a way to promote structure and discipline into the lives of the juveniles. They do this by having a highly structured routine that includes physical training, marching in formation, and professional developmen t activities. The use of juvenile boot campsRead MoreCompeting Theories of Corrections1624 Words   |  7 PagesJames Bartron American Intercontinental University Abstract As the staffer working in the office a state senator, I have been asked to prepare a detailed outline on correctional theory in general and then make a series of suggestions on ways to implement some of the nontraditional theories of corrections. In reviewing mass incarceration there is often criticism of simple warehousing of human beings who are convicted of crimes. If it is a violent crime there is a need to safeguard society from future

Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles Free Essays

â€Å"Maximum prosperity† means not only increase prosperity and productivity of employer or companies but the overall increase efficiency of the employees in form of higher wages, increase standard of living. Taylor’s stated that prosperity for the employer cannot exists for the long term unless it is accompanied with the prosperity of employees. This statement is very true because unless employees are not satisfied with their wages, working conditions etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now cannot give their best to the organization. There are some of employers who believe in extracting largest amount of work from their employees at low wages indicates low profits in comparison to the employers who are more liberal towards their employees obtained more fruitful results because the employees do their work with full interest. It is completely true that company achieve its highest prosperity when he is making his largest daily output. Related essay: Scientific Management Theory and Inefficiencies in Healthcare For e.g. if a successful workman and employer in combination produces 2 pair of shoes in a minute while his competitor produces only 1 pair of shoes in exact time, it is very clear that the   previous workman will receive more wages than later because large profits earned by the   organization. Until both men and machine contribute their fullest capacity it is not possible to obtain highest productivity and to exist in competition around the organization and to achieve high prosperity. Therefore, we can say that there is direct relationship between high prosperity and high productivity. There has been great impact of philosophy of maximum productivity results in maximum productivity on American society. The concept develops the attitude towards work in the employees and the worker. They were became more determined towards their work as they clearly known that their result bring them handsome wages. Therefore, in early sixties America was on the peak with the wealth and money, the policy of productivity was the main factor. This concept helps to create a sense of responsibility attitude in the mind of employees because there work was directly related to work. This also result in removing dull times, unemployment or underemployment, poverty. This would insure higher wages and make shorter working hours and better working and home conditions possible. A scientific management deals with the development and coordination of the welfare of each and every individual in the organization. It has great impact even on development of management and workman by way of its principles. Taylor’s scientific ideas provided a catalyst for increasing the output of American factories beyond the promise and provided technological advancement. His principles also help in modifying the American education system by making better use of buildings and classrooms and by standardizing the work. It emphasis on evaluating teaching skills of teacher to determine whether the material used for teaching is appropriate or not and to standardize the system. The Taylor’s principle helps to generate the law of efficiency in the organization which results in higher wages for higher work than other fellow workers and directly lead to increase in productivity. It provides more flexibility in developing method of production and to apply more dynamic operations. Earlier workers in the organization were not treated as human being but with the emergence of Taylor’s principles the importance of workmen in the industry increases manifold. They are provided with high wages, regular bonus, promotions, and other non-monetary benefits. He stressed upon the careful selection of employees which match the needs and requirements of the task and also on their training. New departments appeared like personnel and quality control in the organization which results in increasing the efficiency of an organization. However instead of so much acceptability it faces certain criticism such as individual differences ignores the economic interests of workers and management and many more. REFERENCE Referred to sites:- 1.http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1911taylor.html Modern History Sourcebook: Frederick W. Taylor: The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 People organizations theory models concepts@onepine 3. http://faculty.ncwc.edu/TOCONNOR/417/417lect03.htm THE SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA Dated 6th 2007       How to cite Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles, Essay examples

Aids Test On Animal Essay Example For Students

Aids Test On Animal Essay Aids Testing on AnimalsBetween 25 and 50 million animals are killed in American laboratories each year, this include mice, rats, cats, ferrets, monkey, and etc.(American Anti-Vivisection Society)Since the medical skill has been developed, numbers of drugs have been invented to fight the diseases that human beings get. In order to make sure that those medicine works, the medicines need to be tested on animals first. When a new disease is found, thousands of animals are put in the laboratory to test on the new medicine. And during the past decade, the new disease, Aids, is found. Is it time again for millions of animals to sacrifice their lives and have no right for their little lives? Monkey is one of the poorest animals that human beings use in the experiment because that it is believed to have the closest species to human beings. How can they do it since the monkey normally doesnt get the AIDS disease? First, the experimenter injects the AIDS disease into a monkey, and let the disea se sit in the monkeys body for seven days. After the monkey gets the AIDS disease, then the experimenter injects whichever medicine he/she found and tries it on the monkey. The scientist keeps record of what the monkey s reactions are. After a period of time, 99.999% of monkey dies after the experiment, and the scientist pick a new victim to test on his new medicine. From my point of view, animals should not be used as an experiment tool for testing new drugs because all animals are also living creatures like human beings and have their souls, as the human beings do. An animal should not be considered property in which people may claim for a right to use them in medical research. They do have hearts as the we all do. Animals are the experiment victims because they can not complain and they can not fight for their lives, like the human beings. I believe that could they fight for their lives, they would do it. While animals may not be able communicate in ways or do things, like human beings can, they do have emotions and can feel pleasure and pain. The questionis not can they reason? Nor can they talk? But can they suffer?, stated Jeremy Bentham, Director of Medical Research, Lederie Laboratories. Its now a fact that human beings violate the animal rights too much. We are trying to turn animals into machines. I wonder with all the technology we have today, why do we have to use animals?. On the other hand, human beings are the ones who get the disease. We should try it on the infected and volunteered patient, not to force it on someone else(the animals) who are not infected the first place. Another reason is that the studies also show that drug testing on animal is not 100% reliable, as many people have thought. Now its pretty sure that drug testing on animal is misleading one animals reaction to a disease, drug or procedure can be radically different to others. Even when the species being used in an experiment is very similar to us the results can be very diffe rent. For example, a chimpanzee has nearly the same genetic material that we do, but it reacts differently to many of the disease that we get(including AIDS). Also it does not have the same reaction to drugs, as we do. Over the years the numbers of scientists who question the applicability of animal experimentation has grown steadily, In part because of possible major differences in responses to drugs in animals and man, the knowledge gained from studies in animals is often not pertinent to human beings, will almost certainly be inadequate, and may even be misleading, Arnold D. Welch, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of medicine. As now the question has been raised whether animals are necessary for the AIDS experiment. But from my point of view, animal lives should not be wasted fruitlessly, as the study shows human beings and animals are different. Human medicine cannot be based on veterinary medicine. This is because animals are different histologically, anatomic ally, genetically, immunologically, and physiologically.(Animal Right FAQ)Its now a fact that the scientists are wasting taxpayer money, time, and the lives of animals(especially monkeys) and other animal in the AIDS experiments. Like the example on the cancer experiment where human beings have already wasted millions of animals, but the medicine has not yet been found, We have been doing research on animals, which do get cancer, for 30 years with no cure in sight, said Dr. Neal Barnard, president of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Tons of money are poured into the research and really have no use. .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .postImageUrl , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:hover , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:visited , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:active { border:0!important; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:active , .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6 .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda7219376bd4feebc3d040aa3ecb61d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Katherine Drexel Essay Many vivisectors still claim that what they do helps save human lives. In fact, they are lying. The truth is that animal experiments kill people, and animal researchers are responsible for deaths of thousands of men, women and children every year. For example Clioquinol, a medicine that was tested OK on animals but has harmed human beings, caused 30,000 cases of blindness and paralysis and thousands of deaths. Many of the medicines tested using vivisecting has killed both many animals and human beings. Consequentially, the scientists waste their time and money do their research on animals since the study has proofed that animals and human beings do not react the same way, even on the same disease and same type of medicine. Some people might claim that human beings are more important than animals, and animal lives are worthless, compared to human beings. From my opinion, I think those people are being too selfish. Actually, by placing human beings amongst life on earth, it is clear that we are the most destructive and damaging of all creatures, whereas animals can never do harm to the nature and be as destructive as human beings. And in that respect, human beings are certainly less valuable than other animals. Utilitarianism is what my viewpoint falls under because the result of it will maximize benefits on all sides equally. Those who will benefit will be the scientists, the human beings, the Animal rights activist, and the animals. The scientists will benefit because now they knows that testing on animal is not accurate nor effective, due to the fact that animals and human beings reacts differently to the medicines. Therefore, they can be on the right track, using other methods to find the medicine without interfering with animals. Human beings will benefit since the scientists know what the right track is, so they can get the curing medicine for those who get AIDS faster, and in that way more human lives are saved. The activist will be satisfied because now they can save the animals lives, and their goal is accomplished. At last, the animals will benefit because they are no longer be forced testing on medicines and suffer. Animals lives are saved, and the scientists do not need to go ag ainst the moral issues and feel guilty. Human beings and animals should live together peacefully. Health and Beauty Essays